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Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht (Stockholm, Sweden, 28 November 1718 – Stockholm, Sweden, 29 June 1763) was a Swedish poet, feminist and salon hostess. == Biography == Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht was the youngest of five children of the wealthy official Anders Andersson Nordbohm (1675-1734) and Christina Rosin. Her father was ennobled as Nordenflycht in 1727. After the retirement of her father in 1730, the family settled on the estate Viby. She was sporadically tutored by Henning Tideman, the teacher of her brother Anders Nordenflycht (1710-1740), in Latin and German, and studied philosophy and theology as an autodidact, being otherwise only educated in domestics and accomplishments.〔Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht, urn:sbl:8227, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av Torkel Stålmarck), hämtad 2015-11-22.〕 In 1734, she was engaged against her will to Johan Tideman (1710-1737), a pupil of Christopher Polhem and supporter of the Wolffian philosophy. Johan Tideman and his naturalism and philosophy made a great impact upon her development and satisfied her intellectually, but she opposed their engagement because she did not find him physically attractive. The engagement was however broken by the early death of Tideman. In 23 April 1741 she married Jacob Fabricius (1704-1741), who had been her French language teacher, and was appointed chaplain of the admiralty at Karlskrona prior to their marriage. This marriage was not arranged and are described as a mutually happy love match: it was in fact opposed by her brother, who wished for a more socially and economically advantageous marriage which could benefit his own career, but she was supported by her mother.〔Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht, urn:sbl:8227, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av Torkel Stålmarck), hämtad 2015-11-22.〕 She had no children during her marriage. Before here departure to Karlskrona, she wrote the poetic collection ''Cronstedtska poemboken'', which was a gift to her friend countess Margaretha Beata Cronstedt. The death of her spouse in December 1741, only a couple of months after their wedding, caused a severe depressive chock. She retired to a rented cottage at Lidingö outside Stockholm to mourn, during which she wrote the ''Den sörgande turtur-dufvan'', poems describing her longing for her lost love and the nature of sadness and loss.〔Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht, urn:sbl:8227, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av Torkel Stålmarck), hämtad 2015-11-22.〕 Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht returned to Stockholm after her mourning period, where she settled. Her economic situation had at that point deteriorated: her late spouse had no fortune and the inheritance after her father had been wasted by her brother. She was forced to support herself and decided to do so through her literary talent. In 1742, she debuted as a published author with ''Svenska fruntimrets klagan'' (The Lament of the Swedish Woman), a poem over queen Ulrika Eleonora. The same year she applied for a pension from the admiralty after her late spouse. Her application was grated the following year by an intervention from the king, who referred to the talent of her literary production.〔Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht, urn:sbl:8227, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av Torkel Stålmarck), hämtad 2015-11-22.〕 She wrote poems for the royal house at several occasions, and was in 1747 granted a small allowance from crown princess Louisa Ulrika. Aside from the allowance from the crown princess and the small pension from the admiralty, she supported herself by writing poems on commission, and established herself as a successful writer. She courted Polhem, Linné and Abraham Bäck with poems, and lived for long periods in the home of her personal friends, count and countess Cronstedt, in whose household she functioned as somewhat as a court poet.〔Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht, urn:sbl:8227, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av Torkel Stålmarck), hämtad 2015-11-22.〕 After the Great Fire of Stockholm of 1751, she and her mother lost their home, after which she successfully appealed to the Riksdag of the Estates for help, making a spectacular appeal in person to the clergy estate. She was granted an annual allowance for life in 1752, after which her economy was settled and she could concentrate on her writing without having to concern herself with monetary problems.〔Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht, urn:sbl:8227, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av Torkel Stålmarck), hämtad 2015-11-22.〕 In 14 April 1753, Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht was inducted in ''Tankebyggarorden'', a literary academy in Stockholm under the leadership of Carl Fredrik Eckleff, founded shortly before based on French role models, which had the purpose to reform the contemporary Swedish literature.〔Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht, urn:sbl:8227, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av Torkel Stålmarck), hämtad 2015-11-22.〕 Nordenflycht's name as a member of the academy was "Uranie", and she made it a center of a literary salon. In the academy, she became closely affiliated with Gustaf Philip Creutz and Gustaf Fredric Gylleborg, but her conflicts with Olof von Dahlin is well known.〔Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht, urn:sbl:8227, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av Torkel Stålmarck), hämtad 2015-11-22.〕 Nordenflycht has been described as hostile to other women writers. This description originates from an allegation of Olof von Dahlin, who describes an incident were he claims that she became enraged when she was at one point asked why she was the only female member of the ''Tankebyggarorden'', because she considered herself the only female worthy of such an honor. It must be pointed out, however, that von Dahlin and Nordenflycht were known antagonists who made several negative accusations toward and about each other during their lifetime. This is also contradicted by the behavior of Nordenflycht during her lifetime: she was a friend and correspondent of fellow feminist writer Catharina Ahlgren, and enthusiastic in her support of other female writers, such as the group of female writers in Norrköping, Charlotta Löfgren, Hedvig Löfwenskiöld, Hedwig Walldorff and Margareta Gryzell, the first of whom she addressed in her original sketch of ''Fruentimrets försvar'' .〔Sven G. Hansson (1991). Satir och kvinnokamp. I Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflychts diktning.. Carlsson Bokförlag. ISBN 91-7798-510-9〕 In 1762, Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht settled in a small villa she had built in the country side near Skokloster, which she called ''Lugnet'' (Calmness). At this point, she was in love with Johan Fischerström, seventeen years her junior.〔Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht, urn:sbl:8227, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av Torkel Stålmarck), hämtad 2015-11-22.〕 Johan Fischerström, born in 1735, was a student from Lund University with radical ideas and literary interests, who had made her acquaintance in the circles of the ''Tankebyggarorden''. When Nordenflycht moved to Lugnet, she arranged for Fischerström to be given a position at the Sjöö Castle, the home of her personal friend Cathérine Charlotte De la Gardie.〔Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht, urn:sbl:8227, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av Torkel Stålmarck), hämtad 2015-11-22.〕 Her last poems took place during which was evidently a love triangle between Nordenflycht, Fischerström and De la Gardie during the winter of 1762-63.〔Carin Österberg: Svenska kvinnor: Föregångare, nyskapare (Swedish women: Predecessors, pioneers) 1990 (Swedish)〕 Johan Fischerström became the inspector of the estate and courted De la Gardie, which made the situation unbearable for Nordenflycht.〔Carin Österberg: Svenska kvinnor: Föregångare, nyskapare (Swedish women: Predecessors, pioneers) 1990 (Swedish)〕 The prose ''Fröjas räfst'' portray pastoral love, while her famous poem ''Öfver en hyacint'' describes clear sighted resignation in the midst of the disappointment of love.〔Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht, urn:sbl:8227, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av Torkel Stålmarck), hämtad 2015-11-22.〕 Her death gave rise to rumors that she had committed suicide.〔Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht, urn:sbl:8227, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av Torkel Stålmarck), hämtad 2015-11-22.〕 According to contemporary legend, she attempted to swim over the water separating her from her beloved, which failed but resulted in a cold which took her life.〔Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht, urn:sbl:8227, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av Torkel Stålmarck), hämtad 2015-11-22.〕 Whether she did commit suicide is unknown, but whatever the case, she suffered from an illness by the time of her death, the symptoms which are described and are similar to the symptoms of cancer.〔Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht, urn:sbl:8227, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av Torkel Stålmarck), hämtad 2015-11-22.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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